Bibliography
[1] Chen Henan, Niu Jian, Li Ying (2012). A Comparison of Factors Leading to Distance Learners Dropping Out [J]. Open Education Researc,（1）:138-143.
[2] Chen Jie, Zhao Xia, Niu Jian, Li Ying（2011. Why Did They Drop Out of School? The Proceedings of the China-U.S. Distance Education Forum, Nanjing:164-178.
[3] Du Yongxin, Niu Jian & Li Ying（2011）A Difficult Road of Hardship and Frustration: The Learning Experiences of RTVU dropouts[J]. Open Education Research, （3）: 96-105.
[4] Du Yongxin, Niu Jian & Li Ying（2012）. Teaching Reflections Based On Research on RTVU Dropouts: A Case Study of an English Course “Changing English in a Changing World ”[J]. Open Education Research,（3）: 90-98.
[5] Guo Hongxia, Xiong Kun, Zhang Yajing, Niu Jian & Li Ying（2011. A Study on the Factors Influencing Dropouts in ODL[J]. China Educational Technology,（6）: 61-65.
[6] Jiao Xiyu, Xu Xiaoyan, Sun Zhiguo, Zhao Tiecheng, Niu Jian & Li Ying（2012）. Analysis and Suggestions for Open Education English Diploma Programme Listening Textbooks [J]. Yinshan Academic Journal , （2）: 105-108.
[7] Li Manl, Hu Xin（2010）. The Crucial Moments and Influential Factors in the Growth of Excellent Engineers : A Qualitative Study [J]. Qinghua Journal of Education, （3）: 80-89.
[8] Li Ying & Niu Jian（2011）. Why Do Chinese Distance Learners Give Up Their Studies Only One Semester after Registration? [J]. Open Education Research, （6）: 89—97.
[9] Li Ying, Niu Jian & Ding Xia（2012）. A Follow-up Study on Dropouts from the ODL English Programme [J]. Open Education Research, （6）.
[10] Liu Yongquan，Niu Jian & Li Ying (2011a). A Qualitative Study on English Major Dropouts at Beijing RTVU［J］. China Educational Technology,（8）: 48-54.
[11] Liu Yongquan, Niu Jian & Li Ying (2011b). Review of the Research and Measures Taken to Decrease the Dropout Rate at Foreign Distance Education Institutions: Interpreting the Final Report from the Centre for Widening Participation at the Open University of the UK in 2010 [J]. Modern Distance Education Research, (6): 47-54.
[12] Liu Yongquan, Niu Jian & Li Ying (2012a). A Comparative Study on Research on Dropout Rates at ODL Institutions in China and Abroad [J]. Modern Distance Education Research, （5）: 57-64.
[13] Liu Yongquan, Li Ying (2012b). Supporting Students for Success in ODLand Reducing Dropout Rates---An Interview with Professor Ormond Simpson [J]. Open Education Research, （5）: 4-10.
[14] Luo Hongwei, Li Ying, & Niu Jian (2011 a). A Study on Dropouts from the ODL English Major［J］. Distance Education in China,（5）: 57-61.
[15] Luo Hongwei, Ding Wu, Wang Qiangke, Niu Jian & Li Ying (2011b). A NVivo-based Qualitative Study on the Emotional Factors Associated with Zero Dropouts in Open English Education [J]. Open Education Research, （6）: 91-103.
[16] Park, J.-H., & Choi, H. J. (2009). The Factors Influencing Adult Learners' Decisions to Drop Out or Continue in Online Learning.[J]. Educational Technology & Society, (4): 208.
[17] Qi Yansheng, Yang Pengkun, Li Xuemei, Niu Jian, Li Ying（2011）From Dropping Out to Re-registration: Will They Quit Again? The Proceedings of the China-U.S. Distance Education Forum, Nanjing:133-149.
[18] Qi Yansheng, Yang Pengkun, Fang Jiashi, Niu Jian, Li Ying（2012). Different Choices after Returning to School: A study on Dropouts from Dalian RTVU [J]. Open Education Research (2): 144-151.
[19] Rong Huali, Zhang Ying (2011). Causal Analysis of Dropout, The Proceedings of the China-U.S. Distance Education Forum, Nanjing: 150-163.
[20] Zhang Ying, Rong Huali, Niu Jian, Li Ying (2012). Study on Dropouts from the ODL English Major [J]. Vocational & Technical Education Forum, (27): 43-48.
[21] Rovai, Alfred P. (2003). In Search of Higher Continuance Rates in Distance Education Online Programmes [J]. Internet and Higher Education, (6): 7.
[22] Support for Distance Learners (translated by Li Yawan et al) [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press
[23] Simpson, O. 2008). Cost-benefit Analysis of Student Retention Policies and Practice and the Economics of Distance and Online Learning: Theory, Practice, and Research. ［M］. New York& London: 62-178.
[24] Simpson, O.（2010）‘22%: Can We Do Better?’ The CWP Retention Literature Review Final Report [EB/OL]. http://www.ormondsimpson.com/index.htm,2011-06-03.
[25] Sun Xiaoling, Ding Xia, Fu Xiaoyan, Niu Jian, Li Ying（2012）. The Hardships Faced by Students in Western Underdeveloped Areas---A Case Study of Gansu RTVU English Major Dropouts [J].Education Research Monthly, （4）: 91-97.
[26] Yang Yongjian, Han Xue, Niu Jian & Li Ying（2011a）. Research on the Costs Associated with and the Factors Influencing Dropout Rates from the ODLEnglish Major ［J］. China Educational Technology,（7）: 64-71.
[27] Yang Yongjian, Han Xue, Niu Jian & Li Ying（2011b）An Analysis of the Essential Factors Driving Achievement in the ODL English Major［J］. Journal of Distance Education, （6）: 59-65.
[28] Yang Yongjian, Han Xue, Su Lihua , Niu Jian & Li Ying（2012）The Practical Design of Learning Resources for the ODL English Majors ［J］. Modern Distance Education Research,（4）: 59-67.
[29] Zhang Ping, Niu Jian & Li Ying（2012）. A Study on the Learning Motivation of Students Who Dropped Out of the ODL English Major［J］. China Educational Technology,（9）: 54-62.
[30] Zhang Ying, Niu Jian & Li Ying（2012）. An Exploration of the Hierarchical Step-up of the English Teaching Model: Research Based on Dropouts from Distance Education [J]. e-Education Research, （8）: 63-69.
About the Authors: Dr. Li Ying, associate researcher of the Research Institute of Open and Distance Education, the OUC; Chen Henan, lecturer at the School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Open University; Dr. Niu Jian, professor of the School of Foreign Languages, the OUC.