Contents

• Student media usage patterns in transition: Results from a survey in Germany

• A study on cognitive tools for blended learning

• Using Merrill's First Principles of Instruction to develop SPOC Instructional Design Model

• An investigation of learners' demographics at the Open University of China (OUC)

• Using Instructional Interaction Hierarchical Model to design learning activities

• A review of European Guidelines for Validating Non-Formal and Informal Learning

• Interpreting the results of UKOU student satisfaction in the National Student Survey

• Towards Instructional Competency Standards for OU teachers

• Developing and practicing SPOC-oriented university library service model

• Abstract